This improves ventilation / perfusion ratio and arterial oxygenation, but is less helpful in the case of long-term whole-body hypoxia.
2.
An abnormally increased A a gradient suggests a defect in diffusion, V / Q ( ventilation / perfusion ratio ) mismatch, or right-to-left shunt.
3.
The ventilation / perfusion ratio is higher in zone # 1 ( the apex of lung ) when a person is standing than it is in zone # 3 ( the base of lung ) because perfusion is nearly absent.
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